Q16. A.
The Hundred Years War, which lasted 116 years, began when King Edward III of England pursued a claim to the throne of France through his mother's line. Fighting did not get underway for about five years, battles were somewhat infrequent, and there were long stretches of peace, albeit uneasy peace. There was also no formal treaty ending the war. The name "Hundred Years War" was given to the conflict by later historians.
Q17. B.
The characters in the Decameron are fleeing to the countryside to avoid the plague in Florence, and to pass the time and to lighten the atmosphere, they all tell stories. In The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, the characters are on pilgrimage to Thomas Becket's shrine in Canterbury, and they engage in a similar pastime. Originally, Chaucer envisioned all thirty of his pilgrims telling at least four tales, but he never completed such an ambitious plan. Nevertheless, The Canterbury Tales stands as a masterpiece of late medieval English literature.
Q18. A.
Marco Polo was a renowned Venetian who reportedly traveled with his father and uncle to China and the court of Kublai Khan. He wrote an autobiography known as Il milione, a copy of which Columbus is reputed to have kept with him at all times.
Q19. A.
Humanism was the prevailing mode of Renaissance thought. It emphasized the significance of man and the human realm, particularly the quest to acquire and fulfill the best of human virtues.
Q20. B.
Thanks to the recent invention of the printing press, Martin Luther's theses were printed up and widely distributed, and his ideas spread farther than they would have done just half a century before. What began as an effort to reform the Church from within soon transformed into a break with Catholicism and the establishment of Protestantism as a major theological segment of Christianity.
For many scholars the Reformation is a clear marker of the end of the Middle Ages.
Monday, April 2, 2007
Sunday, April 1, 2007
ANSWERS QUESTIONS 11-15
Q11. B.
The Battle of Hastings took place on October 14, 1066. It lasted all day, and at the end of it, William the Conqueror was victorious over the last Anglo-Saxon King, Harold Godwinson.
Q12. C.
Ironically, by the time the Crusaders got to Jerusalem in 1099, the Muslim Turks had been defeated and driven from the city by Fatimids, who were friendly to Christians. The Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus tried to get them to alter their plan to "liberate" the city, but the Crusaders would not be stopped. They laid siege to Jerusalem and, upon conquering it, perpetrated some of the most horrible atrocities in the history of western warfare.
Q13. C.
The lance, a long pole with a three-pronged tip at one end, was carried by knights in the the Joust. Once an opponent was unhorsed, knights might fight on foot, and they would abandon the unwieldy poles for swords, maces, and other hand weapons.
Q14. B.
Gothic is considered by some to be the quintessential style of medieval architecture. The term was originally used with derision by Renaissance artists who associated its "ugliness" with the Gothic tribes who helped bring down the Roman empire. In reality, Goths had nothing to do with creating this style of architecture, which later scholars learned to appreciate for its own unique, majestic beauty.
Notre Dame was begun in the mid-twelfth century, at the height of medieval creativity and popular spirituality. It took more than 200 years to complete, although the choir, the western facade, and the nave were finished by 1250. Today, its three rose windows still retain glass put in place in the 13th century.
Q15. A.
"Bubonic" plague is the disease that spread swiftly through Europe in the 14th century, killing millions. It took other forms, as well, including "pneumonic plague," which was spread very swiftly through coughing, sneezing and even simply breathing, and "septicemic plague," which infected the blood directly. But all versions of plague were caused by the same germ, yersinia pestis.
The Battle of Hastings took place on October 14, 1066. It lasted all day, and at the end of it, William the Conqueror was victorious over the last Anglo-Saxon King, Harold Godwinson.
Q12. C.
Ironically, by the time the Crusaders got to Jerusalem in 1099, the Muslim Turks had been defeated and driven from the city by Fatimids, who were friendly to Christians. The Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus tried to get them to alter their plan to "liberate" the city, but the Crusaders would not be stopped. They laid siege to Jerusalem and, upon conquering it, perpetrated some of the most horrible atrocities in the history of western warfare.
Q13. C.
The lance, a long pole with a three-pronged tip at one end, was carried by knights in the the Joust. Once an opponent was unhorsed, knights might fight on foot, and they would abandon the unwieldy poles for swords, maces, and other hand weapons.
Q14. B.
Gothic is considered by some to be the quintessential style of medieval architecture. The term was originally used with derision by Renaissance artists who associated its "ugliness" with the Gothic tribes who helped bring down the Roman empire. In reality, Goths had nothing to do with creating this style of architecture, which later scholars learned to appreciate for its own unique, majestic beauty.
Notre Dame was begun in the mid-twelfth century, at the height of medieval creativity and popular spirituality. It took more than 200 years to complete, although the choir, the western facade, and the nave were finished by 1250. Today, its three rose windows still retain glass put in place in the 13th century.
Q15. A.
"Bubonic" plague is the disease that spread swiftly through Europe in the 14th century, killing millions. It took other forms, as well, including "pneumonic plague," which was spread very swiftly through coughing, sneezing and even simply breathing, and "septicemic plague," which infected the blood directly. But all versions of plague were caused by the same germ, yersinia pestis.
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